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2005 Annual Report
IV. Financial Statements and Notes - Savings Association and Insurance Fund (SAIF)
1. Legislation and Operations of the Savings Association Insurance Fund Overview The
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) is the independent deposit insurance
agency created by Congress in 1933 to
maintain stability and public confidence in the nation's banking system.
Provisions that govern the operations of the FDIC are generally found in
the Federal Deposit Insurance (FDI) Act, as amended, (12 U.S.C. 1811, et
seq).
In carrying out the purposes of the FDI Act, as amended, the FDIC insures
the deposits of banks and savings associations, and in cooperation with other
federal
and state agencies promotes the safety and soundness of insured depository
institutions by identifying, monitoring and addressing risks to the deposit
insurance funds. FDIC is the administrator of the Savings Association Insurance
Fund (SAIF), the Bank Insurance Fund (BIF), and the FSLIC Resolution Fund
(FRF), which are maintained separately to carry out their respective mandates.
The
SAIF and the BIF are insurance funds responsible for protecting insured thrift
and bank depositors from loss due to institution failures. These insurance
funds must be maintained at not less than 1.25 percent of estimated insured
deposits or a higher percentage as circumstances warrant. The FRF is a resolution
fund responsible for the sale of remaining assets and satisfaction of liabilities
associated with the former Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation
(FSLIC) and the Resolution Trust Corporation.
An active institution's insurance fund membership and primary federal supervisor are generally determined by the institution's charter type. Deposits of SAIF-member institutions are generally insured by the SAIF; SAIF members are predominantly thrifts supervised by the Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS). Deposits of BIF-member institutions are generally insured by the BIF; BIF members are predominantly commercial and savings banks supervised by the FDIC, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, or the Federal Reserve Board. In addition to traditional thrifts and banks, several other categories of institutions exist. A member of one insurance fund may, with the approval of its primary federal supervisor, merge, consolidate with, or acquire the deposit liabilities of an institution that is a member of the other insurance fund without changing insurance fund status for the acquired deposits. These institutions with deposits insured by both insurance funds are referred to as Oakar financial institutions. In addition, SAIF-member thrifts can convert to a bank charter and retain their SAIF membership. These institutions are referred to as Sasser financial institutions. Likewise, BIF-member banks can convert to a thrift charter and retain their BIF membership. Operations of the SAIF
The primary purpose of the SAIF is to: 1) insure the deposits and protect the
depositors of SAIF-insured institutions and 2) resolve SAIF-insured failed
institutions upon appointment of FDIC as receiver in a manner that will result
in the least possible cost to the SAIF.
The SAIF is primarily funded from: 1) interest earned on investments in
U.S. Treasury obligations and 2) deposit insurance assessments. Additional
funding sources are borrowings from the U.S. Treasury, the Federal Financing
Bank (FFB), and the Federal Home Loan Banks, if necessary. The FDIC has borrowing
authority from the U.S. Treasury up to $30 billion for insurance purposes
on behalf of the SAIF and the BIF. Receivership Operations
The FDIC is responsible for managing and disposing of the assets of failed institutions
in an orderly and efficient manner. The assets held by receivership entities,
and the claims against them, are accounted for separately from SAIF assets
and liabilities to ensure that receivership proceeds are distributed in accordance
with applicable laws and regulations. Accordingly, income and expenses attributable
to receiverships are accounted for as transactions of those receiverships.
Receiverships are billed by the FDIC for services provided on their behalf.
Recent Legislative Initiatives The Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 (Title II of Public Law 109-171) was
enacted on February 8, 2006. The companion legislation, the Federal Deposit
Insurance Reform Conforming Amendments Act of 2005 (Public Law 109-173),
was enacted on February 15, 2006. The legislation: 1) merges the BIF and the
SAIF into a new fund, the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF); 2) requires the deposit
of funds into the DIF for SAIF-member exit fees that have been restricted and
held in escrow; 3) annually permits the designated reserve ratio to vary between
1.15 and 1.50 of estimated insured deposits, thereby eliminating the fixed
designated reserve ratio of 1.25; 4) requires the declaration of dividends from
the DIF for the full amount of the reserve ratio in excess of 1.50 percent or, if
less than 1.50 percent, one-half of the amount between 1.35 and 1.50 percent;
5) grants a one-time assessment credit for each eligible institution or its
successor based on an institutions proportionate share of the aggregate
assessment base at December 31, 1996; and 6) immediately increases coverage
for certain retirement accounts to $250,000 and indexes all deposit insurance
coverage every five years beginning January 1, 2011.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies General
These financial statements
pertain to the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows of
the SAIF and are presented
in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).
These statements do not include reporting for assets and liabilities of closed
thrift
institutions for which the FDIC acts as receiver. Periodic and final accountability
reports of the FDIC's activities as receiver are furnished to courts, supervisory
authorities, and others as required.
Use of Estimates
Cash EquivalentsManagement makes estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Where it is reasonably possible that changes in estimates will cause a material change in the financial statements in the near term, the nature and extent of such changes in estimates have been disclosed. The more significant estimates include allowance for loss on receivables from thrift resolutions, the estimated losses for anticipated failures and litigation, and the postretirement benefit obligation.
Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities
of three months or less. Cash equivalents consist primarily of Special U.S.
Treasury Certificates.
Investment in U.S. Treasury Obligations SAIF funds are required to be invested in obligations
of the United States or in obligations guaranteed as to principal and interest
by the United States;
the Secretary of the U.S. Treasury must approve all such investments in
excess of $100,000. The Secretary has granted approval to invest SAIF funds
only
in U.S. Treasury obligations that are purchased or sold exclusively through
the
Bureau of the Public Debt's Government Account Series (GAS) program.
SAIF's investments in U.S. Treasury obligations are either classified as held-to-maturity or available-for-sale. Securities designated as held-to-maturity are shown at amortized cost. Amortized cost is the face value of securities plus the unamortized premium or less the unamortized discount. Amortizations are computed on a daily basis from the date of acquisition to the date of maturity, except for callable U.S. Treasury securities, which are amortized to the first anticipated call date. Securities designated as available-for-sale are shown at market value, which approximates fair value. Unrealized gains and losses are included in Comprehensive Income. Realized gains and losses are included in the Statement of Income and Fund Balance as components of Net Income. Income on both types of securities is calculated and recorded on a daily basis using the effective interest method. Cost Allocations Among Funds Operating expenses not directly charged to the SAIF, the BIF, and the FRF are allocated to all funds using workload-based allocation percentages. These percentages are developed during the annual corporate planning process and through supplemental functional analyses. Disclosure about Recent Accounting Pronouncements Recent accounting pronouncements have been adopted or deemed to be not applicable to the financial statements as presented. Related Parties
The nature of related parties
and a description of related party transactions are discussed in Note 1 and
disclosed throughout the financial statements and
footnotes.
3. Cash and Other Assets: Restricted for SAIF-Member Exit Fees The SAIF collects entrance and exit fees for conversion transactions when an insured depository institution converts from the BIF to the SAIF (resulting in an entrance fee) or from the SAIF to the BIF (resulting in an exit fee). Regulations approved by the FDIC's Board of Directors (Board) and published in the Federal Register on March 21, 1990, directed that exit fees paid to the SAIF be held in escrow. The FDIC and the Secretary of the Treasury will determine when it is no longer necessary to escrow such funds for the payment of interest on obligations previously issued by the Financing Corporation (FICO). These escrowed exit fees are invested in U.S. Treasury securities pending determination of ownership. The interest earned is also held in escrow. There were no conversion transactions during 2005 and 2004 that resulted in an entrance/exit fee to the SAIF.
4. Investment in U.S. Treasury Obligations, Net
5. Receivables From Thrift Resolutions, Net
As of December 31, 2005 and 2004, SAIF receiverships held assets with a book value of $388 million and $483 million, respectively (including cash, investments, and miscellaneous receivables of $119 million and $182 million at December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively). The estimated cash recoveries from the management and disposition of these assets that are used to derive the allowance for losses are based on a sampling of receivership assets in liquidation. The sampled assets are generally valued by estimating future cash recoveries, net of applicable liquidation cost estimates, and then discounting these net cash recoveries using current market-based risk factors based on a given asset's type and quality. Resultant recovery estimates are extrapolated to the non-sampled assets in order to derive the allowance for loss on the receivable. These estimated recoveries are regularly evaluated, but remain subject to uncertainties because of potential changes in economic and market conditions. Such uncertainties could cause the SAIF's actual recoveries to vary from the level currently estimated.
The contingent liability is derived by applying expected failure rates and loss rates to institutions based on supervisory ratings, balance sheet characteristics, and projected capital levels. In addition, institution-specific analysis is performed on those institutions where failure is imminent absent institution management resolution of existing problems, or where additional information is available that may affect the estimate of losses. As of December 31, 2005 and 2004, the contingent liabilities for anticipated failure of insured institutions were $4 million and $2 million, respectively. In addition to these recorded contingent liabilities, the FDIC has identified additional risk in the financial services industry that could result in an additional loss to the SAIF should potentially vulnerable financial institutions ultimately fail. This risk results from the presence of various high-risk banking business activities that are particularly vulnerable to adverse economic and market conditions. Due to the uncertainty surrounding such conditions in the future, there are institutions other than those with losses included in the contingent liability for which the risk of failure is less certain, but still considered reasonably possible. As a result of these risks, the FDIC believes that it is reasonably possible that the SAIF could incur additional estimated losses up to approximately $0.2 billion. The accuracy of these estimates will largely depend on future economic and market conditions. The FDIC's Board of Directors has the statutory authority to consider the contingent liability from anticipated failures of insured institutions when setting assessment rates. There remains uncertainty about the effect of the 2005 hurricane season
on the deposit insurance fund balances. The economic dislocations as well
as the potential adverse effects on collateral values and the repayment capacity
of borrowers resulting from the hurricanes may stress the balance sheets
of a few, small institutions that are located in the areas of greatest devastation.
The FDIC continues to evaluate the risks to affected institutions in light
of economic conditions, the amount of insurance proceeds that will protect
institution collateral, and the level of government disaster relief. At this
point, however, the FDIC cannot estimate the impact of such risks on the
insurance funds. Litigation Losses The SAIF records an estimated loss for unresolved
legal cases to the extent those losses are considered probable and reasonably
estimable. In addition to the amount recorded as probable, the FDIC has determined
that losses from unresolved legal cases totaling $140 thousand are reasonably
possible.
Other Contingencies: Representations and Warranties
As part of the FDIC's efforts to maximize the return from the sale of assets from thrift resolutions, representations and warranties, and guarantees were offered on certain loan sales. In general, the guarantees, representations, and warranties on loans sold relate to the completeness and accuracy of loan documentation, the quality of the underwriting standards used, the accuracy of the delinquency status when sold, and the conformity of the loans with characteristics of the pool in which they were sold. The total amount of loans sold subject to unexpired representations and warranties, and guarantees was $4.7 billion as of December 31, 2005. SAIF did not establish a liability for all outstanding claims asserted in connection with representations and warranties because the receiverships have sufficient funds to pay for such claims. In addition, future losses on representations and warranties, and guarantees
could be incurred over the remaining life of the loans sold, which is generally
20 years or more. Consequently, the FDIC believes it is possible that additional
losses may be incurred by the SAIF from the universe of outstanding contracts
with unasserted representation and warranty claims. However, because of the
uncertainties surrounding the timing of when claims may be asserted, the FDIC
is unable to reasonably estimate a range of loss to the SAIF from outstanding
contracts with unasserted representation and warranty claims. 7. Assessments In compliance with provisions of the FDI Act, as amended, the FDIC uses a risk-based assessment system that charges higher rates to those institutions that pose greater risks to the SAIF. To arrive at a risk-based assessment for a particular institution, the FDIC places each institution in one of nine risk categories based on capital ratios and supervisory examination data. Due to the continuing health of the thrift industry, the majority of the financial institutions are not assessed. Of those assessed, the assessment rate averaged approximately 7 cents and 8 cents per $100 of assessable deposits for 2005 and 2004, respectively. During 2005 and 2004, $8 million and $9 million were recognized as assessment income from SAIF-member institutions, respectively. On November 8, 2005, the Board voted to retain the SAIF assessment schedule at the annual rate of 0 to 27 cents per $100 of assessable deposits for the first semiannual period of 2006. The Board reviews assessment rates semiannually to ensure that funds are available to satisfy the SAIF's obligations. If necessary, the Board may impose more frequent rate adjustments or emergency special assessments. The FDIC is required to maintain the insurance funds at a designated reserve ratio (DRR) of not less than 1.25 percent of estimated insured deposits (or a higher percentage as circumstances warrant). If the reserve ratio falls below the DRR, the FDIC is required to set semiannual assessment rates that are sufficient to increase the reserve ratio to the DRR not later than one year after such rates are set, or in accordance with a recapitalization schedule of fifteen years or less. As of September 30, 2005, the SAIF reserve ratio was 1.30 percent of estimated insured deposits. Assessments are also levied on institutions for payments of the interest on
obligations issued by the FICO. The FICO was established as a mixed-ownership
government corporation to function solely as a financing vehicle for the FSLIC.
The annual FICO interest obligation of approximately $790 million is paid on
a pro rata basis using the same rate for banks and thrifts. The FICO assessment
has no financial impact on the SAIF and is separate from the regular deposit
insurance assessments. The FDIC, as administrator of the SAIF, acts solely
as a collection agent for the FICO. During 2005 and 2004, $160 million and
$161 million, respectively, were collected from SAIF-member institutions and
remitted to the FICO.
Eligible FDIC employees also may participate in a FDIC-sponsored tax-deferred 401(k) savings plan with matching contributions up to five percent. The SAIF pays its share of the employer's portion of all related costs. The FDIC offered a voluntary employee buyout program to a majority
of its employees during 2004 and conducted a reduction-in-force (RIF)
during 2005
in an effort to further reduce identified staffing excesses. Consequently,
578 employees left or will leave the FDIC as a result of the buyout
program and an additional 62 employees left due to the RIF. Termination
benefits
included compensation of fifty percent of the current salary for
voluntary departures and severance pay for employees that left due
to
the RIF.
The total cost of the buyout program and the RIF to the FDIC was
$32.6 million,
with SAIF's share totaling $4.3 million, which is included in the "Operating
expenses" line item for 2005 and 2004.
At December 31, 2005 and 2004, the SAIF's net postretirement benefit liability recognized in the "Accounts payable and other liabilities" line item in the Balance Sheet was $16.7 million and $15.7 million, respectively. In addition, the SAIF's expense for these benefits in 2005 and 2004 was $917 thousand and $1.4 million, respectively, which is included in the current and prior year's operating expenses. Key actuarial assumptions used in the accounting for the plan include the discount rate, the rate of compensation increase, and the dental coverage trend rate. 11. Commitments and Off-Balance-Sheet Exposure Commitments: Leased Space
The SAIF's allocated share of the FDIC's lease commitments totals $11.7 million for future years. The lease agreements contain escalation clauses resulting in adjustments, usually on an annual basis. The allocation to the SAIF of the FDIC's future lease commitments is based upon current relationships of the workloads among the SAIF and the BIF. Changes in the relative workloads could cause the amounts allocated to the SAIF in the future to vary from the amounts shown below. The SAIF recognized leased space expense of $5.0 million and $6.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2005 and December 31, 2004, respectively.
Deposit Insurance As of September 30, 2005, deposits insured by the SAIF totaled approximately $1.0 trillion. This would be the accounting loss if all depository institutions were to fail and the acquired assets provided no recoveries. 12. Disclosures About the Fair Value of Financial Instruments Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments and are shown at current value. The fair market value of the investment in U.S. Treasury obligations is disclosed in Note 3 and 4 and is based on current market prices. The carrying amount of interest receivable on investments, short-term receivables, and accounts payable and other liabilities approximates their fair market value, due to their short maturities and/or comparability with current interest rates. The net receivables from thrift resolutions primarily include the SAIF's subrogated claim arising from payments to insured depositors. The receivership assets that will ultimately be used to pay the corporate subrogated claim are valued using discount rates that include consideration of market risk. These discounts ultimately affect the SAIF's allowance for loss against the net receivables from thrift resolutions. Therefore, the corporate subrogated claim indirectly includes the effect of discounting and should not be viewed as being stated in terms of nominal cash flows. Although the value of the corporate subrogated claim is influenced by valuation of receivership assets (see Note 5), such receivership valuation is not equivalent to the valuation of the corporate claim. Since the corporate claim is unique, not intended for sale to the private sector, and has no established market, it is not practicable to estimate its fair market value. The FDIC believes that a sale to the private sector of the corporate claim
would require indeterminate, but substantial, discounts for an interested
party to profit from these assets because of credit and other risks. In addition,
the timing of receivership payments to the SAIF on the subrogated claim does
not necessarily correspond with the timing of collections on receivership
assets. Therefore, the effect of discounting used by receiverships should
not necessarily be viewed as producing an estimate of market value for the
net receivables from thrift resolutions.
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Last Updated 04/10/2006 | communications@fdic.gov |