Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation

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   [¶10,052] In the Matter of Fairburn Banking Company, Fairburn, Georgia, Docket No. FDIC-90-28b (3-2-90).

   Bank to cease and desist from practices such as providing inadequate supervision over the affairs of the Bank by Board of Directors; operating Bank with management whose policies and practices are detrimental to Bank; producing unsatisfactory earnings; engaging in practices that produce inadequate operating income and excessive loan losses and hazardous lending and ineffective and lax collection practices; operating with an excessive volume of adversely classified assets and with equity capital that is inadequate to support the kind and quality of assets held by Bank; failing to provide and maintain adequate reserves; operating Bank with excessive volatile liabilities funding long-term investments and loans; violating federal and state laws; and failing to follow the Instructions for reporting financial condition regarding accounting for nonaccrual loans. (This order was terminated by order of the FDIC dated 3-21-94; see ¶ 15,830.)

   [.1] Primary Capital—Increase—Methods
   [.2] Management—Qualifications—Compliance
   [.3] Principal Shareholder—Curtail Participation—Scope
   [.4] Assets—Adversely Classified—Eliminate/Reduce
   [.5] Loan Loss Reserve—Adequacy—Review
   [.6] Loans—Extensions of Credit—Curtail
   [.7] Loans—Interest Accrual—Exceptions
   [.8] Technical Exceptions—Correct—Loan Documentation
   [.9] Loan Policy—Minimum Requirements—Review
   [.10] Violations of Law—Eliminate/Correct—Compliance
   [.11] Brokered Deposits—Curtail—Approval
   [.12] Shareholders—Dividends—Approval
   [.13] Shareholders—Disclosure—Cease and Desist Order
   [.14] Compliance—Progress Report—Frequency

In the Matter of

FAIRBURN BANKING COMPANY
FAIRBURN, GEORGIA
(Insured State Nonmember Bank)
ORDER TO CEASE AND DESIST
   Fairburn Banking Company, Fairburn, Georgia ("Bank"), having been advised of its right to a written NOTICE OF CHARGES AND OF HEARING detailing unsafe or unsound banking practices and violations of applicable laws and regulations alleged to have been committed by the Bank and of its right to a hearing regarding such alleged charges under section 8(b)(1) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, ("Act"), 12 U.S.C. §1818(b)(1), and having waived those rights, entered into a STIPULATION AND CONSENT TO THE ISSUANCE OF AN ORDER TO CEASE AND DESIST ("CONSENT AGREEMENT") with a representative of the Legal Division of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC"), dated February 28, 1990, whereby solely for the purpose of this proceeding and without admitting or denying any of the alleged charges of unsafe or unsound banking practices and violations of applicable laws and regulations, the Bank consented to the issuance of an ORDER TO CEASE AND DESIST ("ORDER") by the FDIC.
   The FDIC considered the matter and determined that it had reason to believe that the Bank had engaged in unsafe or unsound banking practices and had committed violations of applicable laws and regulations.
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   The FDIC, therefore, accepted the CONSENT AGREEMENT and issued the following:

ORDER TO CEASE AND DESIST

   IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, that the Bank and its defined in section 3(u) of the Act, 12 U.S.C. §1813(u), cease and desist from the following unsafe or unsound banking practices and violations of laws and regulations:
   A. Failing to provide adequate supervision and direction over the affairs of the Bank by the board of directors of the Bank to prevent unsafe or unsound practices and violations of laws and regulations;
   B. Operating the Bank with management whose policies and practices are detrimental to the Bank and jeopardize the safety of its deposits;
   C. Operating the Bank in such a manner as to produce unsatisfactory earnings;
   D. Engaging in practices which produce inadequate operating income and excessive loan losses;
   E. Engaging in hazardous lending and ineffective and lax collection practices, including but not limited to: (i) failing to provide an adequate loan policy for the Bank; (ii) operating the Bank in contravention of its written loan policies and procedures; and (iii) extending credit which is inadequately secured and/or which has inadequate or deficient supporting loan documentation, including current financial statements, insurance coverage, title searches or legal opinions, recordation of lien positions, and cash flow and/or operating information;
   F. Operating with an excessive volume of adversely classified assets;
   G. Operating the Bank with equity capital that is inadequate to support the kind and quality of assets held by the Bank;
   H. Failing to provide and maintain an adequate reserve for loan losses;

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   I. Operating the Bank with excessive volatile liabilities funding long-term investments and loans;
   J. Violating applicable Federal and state laws and regulations, as more fully described on pages 6-b through 6-b-3 of the FDIC's Report of Examination of the Bank as of June 30, 1989; and
   K. Failing to follow the Instructions for the Reports of Condition and Income regarding proper accounting for nonaccrual loans.
   IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Bank and its institution-affiliated parties take affirmative action as follows:

   [.1] 1. (a) Within 90 days from the effective date of this ORDER, the Bank shall increase its primary capital by not less than $1,500,000, excluding any additional minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries. Such increase in primary capital may be accomplished by any one or more of the following:

   (i) The sale of new securities in the form of common stock or perpetual preferred stock; or
   (ii) The collection in cash of all or part of the assets classified "Loss" or "Doubtful" as of June 30, 1989, and charged off in accordance with paragraph 4 of this ORDER, without loss or liability to the Bank; or
   (iii) The direct contribution of cash by the directors and/or shareholders of the Bank; or
   (iv) The collection in cash of assets previously charged off; or
   (v) Recovery in cash of prior years' income taxes paid through a tax loss carry-back of any 1989 taxable operating loss; or
   (vi) Any other means acceptable to the Regional Director of the FDIC's Atlanta Regional Office ("Regional Director") and the Georgia Commissioner of Banking and Finance ("Commissioner").

   (ii) In complying with the provisions of paragraph 1(b)(i) of this ORDER, the Bank shall provide to any subscriber and/or purchaser of Bank stock, written notice of any planned or existing development or other change which is materially different from the information reflected in any offering materials used in connection with the sale of Bank securities. The written notice required by this paragraph 1(b)(ii) of the ORDER shall be furnished within ten (10) calendar days from the date that such material development or change was planned or occurred, whichever is earlier, and shall be furnished to every purchaser and/or subscriber of Bank stock who received or was tendered the information contained in the Bank's original offering materials.

   [.2] 2. Within 90 days from the effective date of this ORDER, the Bank shall have and retain qualified management. At a minimum, such management shall include a board of directors which shall be responsible for supervising and directing the policies and activities of the Bank; a chief executive officer with proven ability in managing a bank of comparable size; a senior lending officer having an appropriate level of lending, collection and loan supervision experience necessary to supervise the upgrading of a low quality loan portfolio; and a qualified operations officer. Such persons shall be provided the necessary written authority to implement the provisions of this ORDER. The qualifications of management shall be assessed on its ability to (i) comply with the requirements of this ORDER, (ii) operate the Bank in a safe and sound manner, (iii) comply with all applicable laws and regulations, and (iv) restore all aspects of the Bank to a safe and sound condition, including asset quality, capital adequacy, earnings, management effectiveness, and liquidity. So long as this ORDER remains in effect, the Bank shall notify the Regional Director and the Commissioner in writing of any proposed changes in management. Such notification shall be in addition to any application and prior approval requirements established by section 32 of the Act, 12 U.S.C. §1831i, and implementing regulations; must include the names and qualifications of any replacement personnel; and must be provided at least thirty (30) days prior to the individual assuming the new position.

   [.3] 3. As of the effective date of this ORDER, the Bank's board of directors shall take all necessary steps to eliminate any participation by principal shareholder Daniel B. Longino in the conduct of the affairs of the Bank which is in contravention of or inconsistent with: (i) Bank policies as adopted by the Bank's board of directors; (ii) the safe and sound operation of the Bank; (iii) any provision of this ORDER; or (iv) applicable laws and regulations.

   [.4] 4. Within 30 days from the effective date of this ORDER, the Bank shall eliminate from its books, by collection, charge-off or other proper entries, 100 percent of all assets or portions of assets classified "Loss" and 50 percent of all assets or portions of assets classified "Doubtful" by the FDIC as a result of its examination of the Bank as of June 30, 1989, which have not been previously charged off or collected, unless otherwise approved in writing by the Regional Director and the Commissioner. Reduction of these assets through use of proceeds of loans made by the Bank does not constitute collection for purposes of this paragraph 4.
   5. (a) Within 180 days from the effective date of this ORDER, the Bank shall reduce the remaining aggregate dollar volume of all assets classified "Substandard" and "Doubtful" in the FDIC's Report of Examination of the Bank as of June 30, 1989, to not more than $9,500,000; within 360 days from the effective date of this ORDER, the Bank shall reduce such aggregate total to not more than $6,500,000; within 540 days from the effective date of this ORDER, the Bank shall reduce such aggregate total to not more than $4,000,000; and within 720 days from the effective date of this ORDER, the Bank shall reduce such aggregate total to not more than $2,000,000. The requirements of this paragraph 5(a) of the ORDER shall not be construed to establish a standard for future operations of the Bank.
   (b) Within 90 days from the effective date of this ORDER, the Bank shall submit to the Regional Director and the Commissioner a written plan of action to reduce each line of credit which was adversely classified by the FDIC as of June 30, 1989, and which aggregated $100,000 or more as of that date. Such plan of action shall thereafter be implemented by the Bank and monitored, and progress reports thereon shall be submitted by the Bank to the Regional Director and the Commissioner at 90-day intervals concurrently with the other reporting requirements set forth in paragraph 15 of this ORDER.
   (c) As used in this paragraph 5, the word "reduce" means (i) to collect, (ii) to charge-off, or (iii) to improve the quality of such assets sufficiently to warrant removal of any adverse classification by the FDIC.

   [.5] 6. Within 30 days from the effective date of this ORDER, and concurrently with compliance with the requirements of paragraph 4 of this ORDER, the Bank shall establish and thereafter continually maintain an adequate reserve for loan losses in accordance with the prevailing requirements of the Instructions for the Reports of Condition and Income by charges against current operating income. In complying {{4-1-90 p.C-267}}with the requirements of this paragraph 6, the Bank's board of directors shall, at a minimum, review the adequacy of the Bank's reserve for loan losses prior to the end of each calendar quarter. The minutes of the board meeting at which such review is undertaken shall indicate the results of the review, the amount of any recommended increases in the reserve recommended, and the basis for determining the amount of reserve provided.

   [.6] 7. (a) Effective the date of this ORDER, the Bank shall not extend, directly or indirectly, any additional credit to or for the benefit of any borrower who has a loan or other extension of credit with the Bank that has been charged off or classified, in whole or in part, "Loss" or "Doubtful", and is uncollected.
   (b) The Bank shall not extend, directly or indirectly, any additional credit to or for the benefit of any borrower who has a loan or other extension of credit with the Bank that has been classified, in whole or in part, "Substandard," and is uncollected, unless a majority of the Bank's board of directors first (1) determines that such advance is in the best interest of the Bank, (2) determines that the Bank has satisfied the requirements set out in paragraph 5(b) of this ORDER as to such borrower, and (3) approves such advance. A written record of the board of directors' determination and approval of any advance under this paragraph 7(b) shall be maintained in the credit file(s) of the affected borrower(s) as well as the minutes of the board of directors.
   (c) The requirements of this paragraph 7 shall not prohibit the Bank from renewing or extending the maturity of any credit already extended to the borrower, provided all interest due at the time of such renewal or extension is collected in cash from the borrower.

   [.7] 8. (a) Within 30 days from the effective date of this ORDER, and in accordance with the Instructions for the Reports of Condition and Income, the Bank shall reverse on its books all accrued and unpaid interest on any loan that is 90 days or more delinquent in principal or interest payments and is not both well secured and in the process of collection.
   (b) Effective the date of this ORDER, the Bank shall not: (i) accrue interest on any loan that is, or becomes, 90 days or more delinquent in principal or interest payments unless the loan is both well secured and in the process of collection; (ii) add uncollected interest to the unpaid principal balance of any loan on which interest is due unless such addition is supported by additional tangible collateral which adequately and completely secures the loan; (iii) extend credit by means of a new note for uncollected interest due on any loan unless such new extension of credit is supported by additional tangible collateral which adequately and completely secures the loan; or (iv) book uncollected interest by any other means in contravention of the Instructions for Reports of Condition and Income.
   (c) For purposes of this paragraph 8, "well secured" and "in the process of collection" shall have the same meaning as those terms have in the prevailing Instructions for the Reports of Condition and Income.

   [.8] 9. Within 60 days from the effective date of this ORDER, the Bank shall establish an effective system of loan documentation and shall correct the technical exceptions on loans noted on pages 2-f through 2f-3 of the FDIC's Report of Examination of the Bank as of June 30, 1989. In addition and so long as this ORDER remains in effect, the Bank shall ensure that all necessary loan documentation, or evidence thereof, is obtained and evaluated before any further credit is extended by the Bank.

   [.9] 10. (a) Within 60 days of the effective date of this ORDER, the Bank shall review and revise its written loan policy. The Bank's written loan policy, as revised, shall include, but not necessarily be limited to, the following:

   (i) Recomposition of the board of directors' loan committee such that a majority of the voting members of the loan committee shall consist of directors who do not serve as Bank officers or employees directly participating in the Bank's lending activities;
   (ii) The establishment of a loan review and grading system which, at a minimum, provides for:

   (A) An identification or grouping of loans that warrant the special attention of management;
   (B) For each loan identified pursuant to subparagraph 10(a)(ii)(A), a {{4-1-90 p.C-268}}written statement of the reason(s) why the particular loan merits special attention; and
   (C) A mechanism for reporting periodically to the board of directors on the status of each loan identified pursuant to subparagraph 10(a)(ii)(A), and the action(s) taken by management thereon;

   (iii) A prohibition against the extension or servicing of credit in cases in which an apparent conflict of interest is present;
   (iv) Guidelines for adding delinquent loans to and removing loans from nonaccrual of interest status in accordance with the prevailing Instructions for the Reports of Condition and Income;
   (v) Incorporation of guidelines provided in the Interagency Appraisal Guidelines dated December 14, 1987, into the Bank's real estate appraisal procedures;
   (vi) Specific guidelines which detail the documentation required for each type of loan in order to provide information sufficient for prudent credit decisions; and
   (vii) Guidelines addressing the procedures required for real estate acquisition, development and construction loans.

   [.10] 11. Within 60 days from the effective date of this ORDER, the Bank shall take all necessary steps, consistent with sound banking practices, to eliminate and/or correct all violations of law and regulations committed by the Bank, as described on pages 6-b through 6-b-3 of the FDIC's Report of Examination of the Bank as of June 30, 1989. In addition, the Bank shall adopt appropriate procedures to ensure its future compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.

   [.11] 12. Effective the date of this ORDER, the Bank may not accept funds obtained, directly or indirectly, by or through any deposit broker for deposit into one or more deposit accounts without the prior approval of the Regional Director. For purposes of this paragraph 12, the term "deposit broker" shall have the meaning ascribed to it in section 29(f) of the Act, 12 U.S.C. §1831f(f), and compliance with section 29 of the Act, 12 U.S.C. §1831(f)f, shall be deemed to be compliance with this paragraph 12.

   [.12] 13. Effective the date of this ORDER, the Bank shall not pay any cash or property dividends without the prior written consent of the Regional Director and the Commissioner.

   [.13] 14. Following the effective date of this ORDER, the Bank shall send to its shareholders or otherwise furnish a description of this ORDER (a) in conjunction with the Bank's next shareholder communication and also (b) in conjunction with its notice or proxy statement preceding the Bank's next shareholder meeting. The description shall fully describe this ORDER in all material respects. The description and any accompanying communication, statement or notice shall be sent to the FDIC, Registration and Disclosure Unit, Washington, D.C. 20429, and to the Commissioner, for review at least 20 days prior to dissemination to shareholders. Any changes requested to be made by the FDIC or the Commissioner shall be made prior to dissemination of the description, communication, notice or statement.

   [.14] 15. Within 90 days from the effective date of this ORDER, and every 90 days thereafter, unless and until each and every corrective action required by this ORDER has been accomplished, the Bank shall furnish written progress reports to the Regional Director and the Commissioner detailing the form and manner of any actions taken to secure compliance with this ORDER and the results thereof. Such reports may be discontinued when the corrections required by this ORDER have been accomplished and the Regional Director and the Commissioner have released the Bank in writing from making further reports. All progress reports and other written responses to this ORDER shall be reviewed by the board of directors of the Bank and made a part of the minutes of the appropriate board meeting.
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   16. The provisions of this ORDER shall become effective ten (10) days from the date of its issuance and shall be binding upon the Bank and its institution-affiliated parties. Further, the provisions of this ORDER shall remain effective and enforceable except to the extent that, and until such time as, any provisions of this ORDER shall have been modified, terminated, suspended, or set aside by the FDIC.
   Pursuant to delegated authority.
   Dated at Atlanta, Georgia, this 2nd day of March, 1990.